Personal project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal project - Assignment Example Such countries include Ethiopia, South Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (GDA 1). Their vision is to bring together top-tier research organisations, for companies (both profit and non-profit) from the Front Range in order to synchronise the exceptional strengths of every Consortium member along with the entire multi-disciplinary expertise so as to improve knowledge awareness of need, inform research and science efforts and eventually offer real-time and location-specific information globally to inform choices that ensure the development of agriculture, as well as public health (GDA 1). The current projects being run by GDA are West Africa Weather Station Installation and Agriculture RE-Analysis of Precipitation Data both in Africa. These projects begun on July, 2014 and still run to date. They are meant to enhance the broader goal of the organisation and that is enhancing food security (GDA 1). The project that I intend to aid is the Weather Station Installation project, which seems to be more fascinating. With the proper kind of research, it would be worthwhile to involve myself in such a

T. J. Maxx breach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

T. J. Maxx breach - Research Paper Example Due to the TJX breach not only TJX had to suffer but also different banks had to pay the penalty by reissuing the cards to their customers. Gifford (2009, p 65) states that the protocol in WEP was insecure as it was not encrypted properly. TJX Co. did not apply the obfuscation and encryption policies to protect the consumer data. The security software purchased by TJX was not implemented correctly by the IT department of TJX Co. weak firewall rules are also a major characteristic of the cyber security incident. TJX had to pay around $80 -$100 million as a cost of settlement. Hence, it is important to secure data instead to pay penalties (Matwyshyn, 2009, p.9). According to Matwyshyn (2009, p.10), risk management is an important factor which should be implemented in order to prevent recurrence. This made the attack more vulnerable in nature as it did not have to undergo any type of hindrance. A chief information security officer should be allocated who has information of where the customer data is stored and moreover which of the third parties have access to it. Matwyshyn (2009, p.11) suggests that the external reports of the breach should be given importance. for example if a customer gets access to other customer’s data on a website and reports to the company then it should be checked instead of ignoring the issue. There should be regular monitoring of the customer data and its screening should also be done on regular basis. This helps keeping an eye on the usage of data and to remain up to date. The access to data by the employees should also be limited. According to Ballad, Ballad and Banks (2010, p.110) privileges and access to databases should be given only to the people related to information security of the organization. There should be an eye kept on the employees who want to access data, harm it or use it for some other purposes

Culture of Silence: Talking About Death and Terminal Illness

Culture of Silence: Talking About Death and Terminal Illness In the past, it may have been acceptable for doctors not to tell a patient they had cancer. There was a culture of silence around talking about death and terminal illness (Heyse-Moore 2009). In On Death and Dying (Kubler-Ross 1973) Kubler-Ross said it was often the wife or husband who was told the diagnosis and then had the burden of whether to tell the painful truth. However, the development of the Hospice movement and Palliative Care in the past 30 years has made it the duty of health care professionals to inform patients of their diagnosis. Now, there are General Medical Council guidelines (2006) that make it an ethical duty for the doctor to inform the patient of the diagnosis (Heyse-Moore 2009). Parkes (Parkes Markus 1998) discusses the importance of breaking bad news effectively and sensitively. Parkes sees this as an element in preparing for loss. He is specifically discussing how to care for the terminal patient, so this may be a limitation (Parkes Markus 1998).He describes how the doctor should arrange and meet with patient. It is notable he does not provide exceptions and does not discuss involving family or speaking to a spouse first. Parkes provides practical guidance possibly gained from clinical experience. He advises finding a homely area where everyone can be comfortable. This can be a place where everyone can sit and not be disturbed. The decor should be the opposite of clinical if possible. He discusses giving as much information as the patient can cope with, and suggests bite sized chunks of information (Parkes Markus 1998, p. 8). He suggests inviting questions from the patient and using this to guide how to prevent information. The difficulty in talking about dying is where the patient becomes distressed and anxious, they may not take in what has been said, and may not fully understand the diagnosis or terminal nature (Parkes Markus 1998). If the dying person has a thinking coping style then the doctor can begin to help him/her focus on the feelings involved and expressing them; and vice versa for the person with a feelings coping style where the focus might be on the problem solving (Parkes 1996b). In Bereavement: Studies of grief in adult life (Parkes 1996a) discusses the tendency for the family to conceal the truth from the dying person. He is clear that the patient should be told of the terminal illness. According to Hinton (1967) (see Parkes 1996a), dying people tend to know and value the chance to talk about their terminal illness. There is some evidence that older people contemplate the end of their life and possibly want to talk to others about it. In a small study of 20 older residents in care homes in the UK, only 2 residents did not wish to discuss dying and death and neither objected to being asked (MacKinlay 2006). Further, Parkes sees giving bad news as a process. It is the beginning of an anxious and stressful period. The doctor should take the time and with empathy help the patient to adjust to the psychological transition of terminal illness (Parkes 1996a). In Speaking of Dying (Heyse-Moore 2009) Heyse-Moore discusses how it is possible to move the focus from the patient to the family if they are included in this initial discussion. Also it is possible for hidden or concealed barriers between family members to come to light while breaking bad news. She also writes of bad news as the beginning of a process that becomes part of the dying persons life. She advises being honest with the patient, including saying I dont know. There is an emphasis on balancing giving information and supporting the patient with his/her feelings and reaction to the news. The point is also made that an older generation of patients can react passively as they are used to doing as the doctor tells them. There has been some research in communicating with the dying that agrees with Parkes. In a study in USA involving 137 individuals in 20 focus groups of patients, family members and health care professionals, there were some common themes identified around effective communication. The best communicators were suggested as being honest and using understandable language. Qualities elicited were being willing to talk about dying; being sensitive in giving the news; listening to the patient; encouraging questioning; being sensitive to when patient will discuss dying (Wenrich et al. 2001). Information is necessary to cope and adjust in life in general. If the doctor fails to give correct information or even perhaps mislead the patient, this can cause confusion and distress as the patient may feel betrayed. The lie if told may not be consistent across teams and even silence can give information and be distressful to patients. This can undermine the trust implicit in modern health care (Parkes 1996b). Parkes is speaking of the doctor as the professional who will break the bad news. This has probably been the sole duty and responsibility of the doctor in health care traditionally. Nurses and other professionals would face sanctions if they accidently gave information about the diagnosis. However, with the development of the multi disciplinary team; and professional roles for other health care workers it is possible for other members of the team including nurses to be involved in the meeting to discuss a terminal diagnosis (Heyse-Moore 2009). Parkes however, conceives of the doctor as the agent of change for the patient. He argues that the medical profession should acquire the skills and knowledge to help the process of dealing with loss and with bereavement. He does not argue for a speciality role but instead argues that General Practitioners are ideally placed to facilitate this change process as they tend to build up a relationship with the patient over time and know the person well (Parkes Markus 1998). For Parkes the process that begins with breaking the bad news is not just about an ethical imperative to inform patients of their diagnosis. He believes that grief both for the dying person and the spouse and family involves grief work that is difficult and painful. For Parkes, breaking the bad news although this can be painful, allows the dying person and family to begin to prepare for loss (Parkes Weiss 1983). He argues that anticipatory grief is less severe than grief due to unexpected death (Parkes Weiss 1983). This preparation can allow spouses to come closer together before death; and there is possibility of working through some grief prior to death (Parkes 1998) (Schaefer Moos 2001). Kubler-Ross echoes this with her concept of unfinished business. She states that the dying person can share how she works through her grief and that this may allow the family to begin the process of grieving before death (Kubler-Ross 1973). Walter when examining the concept of unfinished business discusses the need to sort things out before death and if not attended to then this can lead to torment for the bereaved spouse and family (Walter 1999). Death means a fundamental change to the persons world. Distress and anxiety can result due to the difficulty in making sense of this seismic shock (Parkes 1997). A theoretical concept of Parkes is Psychosocial Transitions which he applies to losses in the broadest sense. He talks of a life changing event and an upheaval in the psychological internal world or assumptive world. Parkes view is that the dying and death of a loved one involves changes in meanings and relationships, status and roles and values which is why it can be so traumatic (Parkes 1993). Parkes had done some research in one of his interview studies in Boston where he compared how two groups of bereaved spouses reacted depending on how much warning they had of impending death. In one group there was less than 2 weeks of notice and in the other there was over 2 weeks and even up to over a years knowledge of terminal illness. Parkes found that the long forewarning group fared better and more effectively in dealing with grief and this was consistent over significant period of bereavement (Parkes Weiss 1983). Stroebe and Stroebe (Stroebe Stroebe 1987) agree with this idea that forewarning can help deal with anticipatory grief and help spouses to share and resolve difficulties. Parkes does not advise any exceptions to breaking the bad news. His approach is based on the universality of bereavement and the experience of loss. This may be a limitation for his work, if research suggests that grief and the process of bereavement is not universal to the human condition. Parkes, although he acknowledges concepts of pathological grief and mental illness, sees the process of loss as part of the human condition (Parkes Markus 1998). However, Heyse-Moore (Heyse-Moore 2009) provides a list of those who should not be given the bad news of a terminal diagnosis. Any patient who clearly states he doesnt want to know his diagnosis or treatment options. The only caution here might be that often the dying person could change his or her mind and be ready to talk and discuss at some future point. Implicit in this example is the idea that the patient is autonomous and capable of making an effective decision regarding their healthcare and indeed their life. Secondly, there is demented person whose loss of memory means she has forgotten what you told her half an hour later (Heyse-Moore 2009, p. 78). Thirdly, is the confused patient who cannot understand and fourthly, the psychotic patient who are liable to incorporate the information you give them into their paranoid delusions (Heyse-Moore 2009, p. 78). The second example is the crux of the dilemma when dealing with Mr Brown in the incident in this essay. Together with the third and fourth examples about confusion and psychosis, the issue here is whether the patient has the capacity to make an informed decision about their treatment and ultimately, their life. Heyse-Moore argues that there should be a full discussion with the family and the multi disciplinary team with the aim of arriving at a consensus on how to proceed (Heyse-Moore 2009). This should also be done within the relevant health legislation framework, for example, in Scotland the Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000 (Griffith 2006). One example to illustrate this is sharing information with children. A study of a series of interviews with 20 social workers about their work with a total of 53 children of dying parents, revealed some guidelines in avoiding euphemisms with children and updating children regularly and giving information in bite sized chunks (Fearnley 2010, p. 453). However, one finding was that often the younger children were not given as much information and were not perceived by parents as understanding as much (Fearnley 2010). A second example is with people with learning disability where withholding information about a dying relative can still be common. Read discusses several barriers to breaking bad news: such as lack of understanding about learning disability; some of sensory, behavioural and cognitive impairments of specific learning disabilities; and also, a continuing paternalistic attitude towards people with learning disability. This means treating people with learning disability as less than adult (Read 1998). With dementia patients there is evidence that patients with Alzheimers are not told their diagnosis. Family members can be ambivalent towards disclosing diagnosis to their loved ones. However, in a study 69% of people experiencing memory problems stated they would like to know if further diagnosed with Alzheimers (Elson 2006). A systematic review suggested that disclosure of diagnosis with dementia is under researched. Euphemistic terms such as memory problems and confusion can be used. Clinicians reported difficulties in disclosing diagnosis to both patients and carers (Bamford et al. 2004). On one level it is understandable that patients who perhaps lack capacity are not given full information about their own health or of those in their family or even details about death of loved ones. However, what is left if information is withheld but deception? In a study of 112 staff working (in North East England) with dementia sufferers in care settings, 106 admitted to some form of lying to residents; 90% to ease distress; 75% to ease care givers distress and 60% to promote treatment compliance. Staff recognised both benefits and problems in using lies to help manage care (James et al. 2006). In a further article, Wood-Mitchell et al (Wood-Mitchell et al. 2006) state that the most common reason given for a lie is when the dementing resident wants to see a deceased relative. Wood- Mitchell et al argue for a realistic stage response to such situations starting with sensitively imparting the truth; then trying meet the need by an alternative means; then trying distraction to some other activity; and finally using some form of a therapeutic lie. One of the problems care giving staff recognises in lying is inconsistency amongst the staff team and Wood-Mitchell et al argue that care planning should be considered to ensure consistency and also when lie should not be told. A debate on the ethics of lying to dementing patients ensued in the Journal of Dementia Care in 2007, involving 6 separate articles for a variety of responses. Walker (Walker 2007) argues that although lying to patients will happen but cannot be justified. She suggests finding alternate ways of interacting with patients using a Validation approach. She advocates being silence if the truth is judged too painful to give, though she emphasises staying with the person. The aim is to try and connect with the patient and workout the symbolic or hidden meaning. Wood-Mitchell et al (Wood-Mitchell et al. 2007) then discuss the range of lies from outright lies down to not telling someone or not correcting them and so being deceptive. They argue against Walkers Validation or symbolic meaning approach: describing dealing with dementia as problem solving where the sufferer has to sort cues out and find the correct behaviour. They argue that communication should be conceived of directly; else in the search for hidden meanings the nurse may ignore a basic need like going to the toilet. Pool (Pool 2007) says the focus should be on emotions and feelings rather than factual information. She advocates using Rogerian principle of Congruence with person centred care for dementia sufferers and therefore cannot agree with Wood-Mitchell et al as this is fundamentally dishonest. While Muller-Hergl (Muller-Hergl 2007) describes care giving as being about integrity; and that suffering cannot justify lying or treating someone unethically. Fowler and Sherratt (Fowler Sherratt 2007) does little but raise some further questions and acknowledge this in their article. Bender (Bender 2007) makes a good case that the context is most important here. She argues that ethical absolutes are not useful for poorly paid and trained care staff. Bender advocates a realistic approach that accepts that in everyday life lies are tolerated and accepted and can even be valued to protect and care for someone. She suggests there is value in understanding a persons life story and biography to aid communication and understanding. She also raises the question of new approaches to loss and bereavement around ideas of continuing bonds instead of accepting loss and moving on. Finally, she states the value of strong caring and therapeutic relationship that can withstand, if necessary the lie.

Daniel’s Sonnet 6 vs. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 Essay -- comparison com

Daniel’s â€Å"Sonnet 6† vs. Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 130†    Daniel wrote a conventional love sonnet using the traditional Petrarchan style of putting the idea of love, or the mistress, on a pedestal.   Shakespeare turned these ideas on their heads by portraying a mistress who was by no means special and most certainly unappealing. By comparing Daniel's â€Å"Sonnet 6† and Shakespeare's â€Å"Sonnet 130,† one may quickly conclude that Daniel’ s and Shakespeare’s ideas of the perfect lady and of love differ greatly..   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During Daniel's time there was a traditional way of writing love poems.   Many of these poems talked of an unattainable woman whose love and perfection was so great she could only be considered to be divine.   This is exactly what Daniel did.   He wrote of an idea of what the perfect love would be using metaphors. Daniel uses metaphors that related to something of great power or energy, such as the sun, writing "although her eyes are sunny."   Daniel uses the sun to compliment the mystical sense of his mistress.   When Daniel talks of the eyes, he is explaining the power that can be seen in her eyes.   This of course is not a realistic portrayal of a woman, but rather an idea of the kind of love that is so powerful, so heavenly that it is unattainable.   Daniel tries to prove that his mistress has a love so powerful and deep that it can only be an idea.   When many people think of an idea of love that is perfect, many would say that women of purity and beauty would be the perfect woman.   Daniel states this thought when he says "Chastity and Beauty, which were deadly foes."   Here Daniel says that his mistress is pure, innocent, and beautiful.   He is asking the reader to find a woman that perfect.   There also seems to be r... ...false compare that their love is truer than his.   Shakespeare does not need to falsely compare his woman to someone divine. He expresses his lady as being simple and able to accept his true love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With his use of traditional Petrarchan writing, Daniel paints a perfect idea of a woman, one who is immortal and unattainable. Shakespeare, on the other hand mocks this style of writing and creates a vision of a more human woman who has flaws and is anything but perfect.   In conclusion, these two writers have different views on what true love is, and the kind of woman they admire.   Neither way is wrong, but are simply two contrasting ways of expressing how a man looks at a woman.    Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Shakespeare’s Sonnets. Ed. Katherine Duncan-Jones. New York: Thomson Learning, 1997. (Teacher’s Handout for Daniel’s Sonnet 6)

Racial Disparities

Racial Disparities in America’s Judicial System The mandatory imprisonment policies written for the judicial system are creating disparity of minority inmate population primarily due to non-violent drug crimes and the unjust mandatory minimum sentencing laws. America’s prisons are the most populated in the world, and they are disproportionately populated by minorities due to the set of mandatory imprisonment policies set in place. Over the past five decades, the disparity between races has widened dramatically according to the National Center on Institutions.In the 1950’s, blacks and Hispanics were the minorities in the prison system, whereas today whites are. Is this due to poverty? I’m sure poverty plays a big role in most cases. Robert Woodson Jr. , president of the National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise said the reason young men engage in criminal activity is not just for money, it is to make a name for themselves, to have some expression of worth , even if the expression is self-destructive. Crack cocaine hit the streets in the early 1980’s, infesting the lower income areas.It’s a cheap drug compared to cocaine and easier to come by than some of the higher priced drugs. Is this considered racial disparity? The Sentencing Project in 2007 states that two-thirds of the regular crack users are white and Latino, 82 percent of defendants sentenced in federal court for crack offences are African-American. Criminologist William Chambliss suggest that blacks are more frequently viewed as suspects, pulled over and targeted by raids. I think racial profiling involving law enforcement plays a bigger role in the disparities than people give them credit for.It begins with law enforcement, and ends with the judicial system. In a survey conducted in Volusia County Florida involving traffic stops, it showed 70 percent of those stopped were black or Hispanic according to a Georgetown University Law Professor David Cole. Thus sho wing how we have accumulated a disparity in America’s prison system. Racial disparity in the judicial system exists when the proportion of a racial or ethnic group within the control of the system is greater than the proportion of such groups in the general population as defined by The Sentencing Project.The incarceration rate in state or federal prison or jail for black men was 4,789 per 100,000, for Hispanic men 1,862 per 100,000, and white men 736 per 100,000 (Sabol, William 2006). Black men comprised 41 percent of the more than 2 million men in custody midyear of 2006, according to The US Department of Justice. As a result of the war on drugs thousands of non-violent drug offenders, most of them black or Hispanic, received mandatory minimum prison sentences for possession of small quantities of illegal drugs. Police look for crimes in the ghetto, and that’s where they find them† (Chambliss, William). In turn, this caused an even bigger problem of over populat ion in the correctional institutions. â€Å"Approximately 80% of the prison overcrowding from 1985 to 1995 is a direct result of the mandatory minimum sentencing policy of the get tough on crime movement† (Drug policy alliance network, 2010) . A non-violent drug crime can carry a minimum mandatory sentencing of fifteen years, whereas a case of leaving the scene of an accident involving a death carries a maximum of five years.If argued by an attorney the drug case can be reduced to a five year minimum mandatory, and the accident involving a death can be reduced to thirty months with no minimum mandatory. These two cases are cases I know of personally. State of Florida verses Fabian Rivera, 2012. Fabian is a family friend, he received a five year mandatory sentence for selling $600. 00 worth of cocaine to an undercover police officer. Later to find out he was set up by a high school friend. State of Florida verses Andrew Cleaver, 2012.Andrew was driving under the influence of a lcohol when he lost control of his vehicle, killing a friend of mine. Andrew ran from the scene, went home and went to sleep. Two years after the accident, Andrew pled guilty of leaving a scene of an accident and received thirty months in prison. In both cases, each took a plea deal that would reduce their sentences. The sentencing guidelines in both cases are way off in my opinion, leaving me to believe first hand that it is unjust sentencing. This is just an example to show that drug crimes receive a higher prison penalty.According to the Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics in 2011 there were an estimated 197,050 individuals sentenced to prison under federal jurisdiction on December 31, 2011. Of these sentenced, 14,900 were incarcerated for violent offenses. An estimated 10,700 were for property offences, and 94,600 were incarcerated on this date for drug offences. In most states, drug offenses have a higher sentencing causing a disparity among inmate population due to the mandatory minimum guidelines. The mandatory minimum sentences for non-violent drug crimes should be abolished.Treatment and rehabilitation efforts should be looked at more seriously which would drastically reduce the minority prison population. The high cost of incarceration while fighting the war on drugs, show that money would be better spent on shorter sentencing, drug rehabilitation programs, and possibly an educational trade program (The Rand’s Drug Research Center). The extreme measures of the judicial system practices in sentencing causes greater stress on a society when one person reaches their release date from prison.Given the figures on high rates of Blacks and Latinos in the prison system today, many of today’s crime control policies fundamentally impede the economic, political and social advancement of the most disadvantaged blacks and minority groups. Prison leaves them less likely to find gainful employment, vote, participate in other civic activ ities and maintain ties with their families and communities (Gottschalk, 2008, p. A15). Without knowledge, education, and social abilities inmates upon release from prison will continue a life of crime. It is a viscous circle that it almost impossible to escape.When an individual enters the criminal justice system, it is a program that is difficult to get out of. Career criminals are referred to as being institutionalized, making it difficult to conduct oneself in the real world. Education is a key to successful release and integration. Inmates who learn to read and write and those who gain a skill are far more likely to succeed upon release. Those who do not are more likely to re-offend and end up back in prison according to the California Department of Corrections. The criminal mentality is simple.It is easier to go out on the streets to sell drugs, make fast money and spend the rest of the day sitting on the couch watching television verses going to work a 9 to 5 job in a factory . Without education, you will be lucky to find a factory job that pays minimum wage. In most households today, a family cannot live off of a minimum wage, which in the mind of a criminal gives justification to sell drugs. California department of corrections is a great example of educating individuals to prevent repeat offenders. This also allows offenders the opportunity of employment upon release from prison. One adult in every 100 is currently in prison. The annual budget for U. S. prisons come to $50 billion. The situation is particularly bad among young black males; about 11 percent of young black men are in prison† (Rees-Mog, 2008). If it makes sense to educate inmates and save money while doing so, why not make education mandatory instead of minimum mandatory sentences? It’s a win win situation with tax payers’ and the department of education. One million dollars spent on correctional education prevents about 600 crimes, while that same money invested in i ncarceration prevents 350 crimes.Correctional education is almost twice as cost-effective as a crime control policy according to Audrey Bozos of the UCLA school of Public Policy and Social Research. How can we change or remove the disparity among minorities in the prison system? This will be a difficult task, one that many attorneys, prosecutors, and judges have tried to solve for many years. Reducing the minimum mandatory sentencing on non-violent drug crimes in half, and educating offenders could potentially cut the annual budget in half, while securing a greater advantage of offenders not returning to prison. Prison education has been shown to successfully reduce recidivism rate for released prisoners. In the U. S. , the rate of recidivism within three years of release is found to be between 43. 3 percent and 51. 8 percent. Those released prisoners who received an educational had a significantly lower rate of recidivism† (US Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics 20 02). The solution as I see it would be to reduce the mandatory imprisonment polices written for the judicial system that is creating a disparity of minority inmate population, and save taxpayers’ money while educating individuals to make them a productive part of society.For an inmate, receiving an education this could be the first glimpse of hope that will allow him/her to break the cycle of poverty that has overwhelmed his/her life for years. â€Å"Pursuing an education can also undo some of the damage accrued during their stay in prison; it can awaken senses numbed and release creativity that is both therapeutic and rehabilitative† (Piche, Vol. 17, No 1, 2008 p. 10). The racial disparity in America’s prison system will remain as it is today unless changes are made within the judicial system.Racial disparity was in prisons prior to the war on drugs, but not at the rate it is today. Eliminating the mandatory minimum sentencing on drug offenses will drastically reduce the racial disparity in prisons. Educating prisoners will reduce individuals of re-offending. In 2004, The American Bar Association Justice Kennedy Commission issued a report describing criminal justice racial disparities, and recommended measures to eliminate or reduce disparities. The Commission expressed uncertainty as to the exact causes; they did recognize it to be a serious problem that needs to be seriously addressed.One of the recommendations was to create a criminal justice procedure and ethnic task force to design and conduct studies to determine the extent of racial and ethnic disparity in the initial stages of criminal investigations, and make specific recommendations. I suppose this would be a good start to a never ending problem of an unjust judicial system and a drug problem in our Country. It could be a lot simpler if people would just stop committing crime, get educated and make a difference within yourself and family. Fast money, and a fast life leads to pri son and ultimately a faster death.Is there really racial disparities in America’s judicial system or is it just minorities are committing more crimes? In my opinion, I think it a little bit of both. One fact that I have shown to be true is that of the mandatory minimum sentencing is adding to the disparity in prisons. I doubt that a solution to this problem will ever be found until a world of crime is extinct. References: Audrey Bozos and Jessica Hausman, â€Å"Correctional Education as a Crime Control Program,† UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research, Department of Policy Studies (March 2004) p. Cole, David â€Å"No Equal Justice† (2012) Gottschalk, Marie (2008, April). Two separate societies: one in prison, one not. Retrieved from Washington Post Web site: http://www. house. gov/scott/pdf/wapo twosepsoc 080415. pdf. Patrick A. Langan and David J. Levin, â€Å"Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994†, US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (2002) Piche, â€Å"Barriers to Knowledge Inside: Education in Prisons and Education on Prisons,† Journal of Prisoners on Prisons, Vol. 17, No. (2008) p. 10 Rees-Mog, (2008, March 3) Retrieved from http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/comment/columists/william_rees_mogg/article3471216. ece. Sabol, William J. , PhD, Minton, Todd D. , and Harrison, Paige M. , Bureau of Justice Statistics, Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2006 (Washington, DC: US Department of Justice 2007), p. 9, Table 14. The Sentencing Project, 2007. Retrieved from thesentencingproject. org The Rand’s Drug Research Center. Retrieved from www. rand. org Woodson, Robert Jr. ,

Cause and Effect of Bullying Essay

Bullying is when one individual enforces their dominance over another individual repeatedly. Bullying is a serious matter that millions of hours of research and prevention programs have been put into. Researchers try and figure out what motivates someone to be so cruel to fellow person. When a bully presents their dominance over the victim it is not always because they are arrogant or naturally evil. Sometime when someone is being a bully it is a cry for help, a self esteem boost, jealousy or a way to cope with them being a victim to bullying. When someone bullies another person they are trying to be funny or cool and impress the other people around them. As well the bully could be a victim themselves and the way they deal with their own problem is doing the same thing to someone inferior. In some cases the bully is unaware of the seriousness of their actions. The causes of bullying cause traumatic effects on the victims. Being a victim to bullying is a traumatizing event that will stay with the victim for the rest of their lives. Bullying creates insecurities to the victims and makes the victims hate certain traits about themselves that they get picked on or teased about. In reality it makes them unique. In younger ages a victims schooling can be harmed because the child would not want to go to school because that is the place where they get bullied. Bullying does not just create emotional pain to the victims but it can create psychological pain as well. Bullying can cause mental illness such as depression and give you a very low self confidence. In very serious cases of bullying the victim may encounter suicidal thoughts, attempt or suicide itself. These are all short term and during the bullying stage. This mortifying event can come back and haunt the victim and create post trauma disorder or self destructive behavior and substance abuse. Bullying is a very serious matter that affects the victims d ramatically.

Stem Cell Controversy essays

Stem Cell Controversy essays The history of medicine was forever changed in November of 1998 by the discovery of stem cells. Throughout medical history humans have strived to understand the many functions of the human body. From the first operation ever performed, to the sequencing of the human genome, stem cell research is the next step in modern medical science. According to the Committee on Government Reform, there has been much opposition and controversy as to whether or not the government should fund stem cell research. This, in turn, has sparked a huge political debate that is still on going today. The fact of the matter is that stem cells are the key factor to new research and technology, and can lead to revolutionary developments in curing diseases that have been killing millions for decades (House of Reps 1-3). We can only hope that our government will take the step in medical technology and research in order to better the lives of Americans. Therefore, the federal government should allow federal money to be used for research on stem cells derived from excess frozen embryos and aborted fetuses. An article on the use of fetal stem cells explains that rats and cats have recently been used in experiments that have made it possible to transplant fetal tissue into damaged spinal cords in order to improve movement. Unfortunately, this treatment has not been widely tested on humans because a large number of fetuses are required to obtain enough tissue to treat even one patient, thus causing both practical and ethical problems (quoted in Mitchell). If given both time and government support, humans will ultimately be able to be treated as well. However, the federal law has prohibited the use of tax dollars to destroy human embryos (Robinson), thus putting the U.S. at a major technological disadvantage. During Bill Clintons administration rules were adopted allowing federally funded scientists to conduct experiments on open ...