Cell Signaling Essay - 1583 Words

Defects of Cell Signaling Over the past semester in cell biology, determining protein structure and functions of gene sequences have been some important discussions in class. On this discussion, many people will agree that the defects from the protein structure and gene sequences such as cell-signaling are the main factors of human disease. When it comes to the topic of human disease breast cancer and sickle cell anemia have been the most prevalent. The importance of these topics in reference to breast cancer and sickle cell anemia are the background information on these diseases, the general population affected, what gene/proteins are involved in these diseases, the symptoms of the diseases, the experimental research, and the key†¦show more content†¦The fatty tissue known as glandular fibrous gives the breast its size and shape. In relation to the cause of breast cancer, it forms in the cell of these milk producing ducts and glandular tissue. Just like every other cancer, the cells will grow abnormally and divide more rapidly. The result of this factor will form swelling or lumps that could possibly spread though the lymph nodes and various parts of the breast. The rick factor is unclear to development of breast of cancer, but the factors are believed to be through the complexity, interaction, genetic makeup, and the environment. Breast cancer is a world-wide phenomenon. The ways in which it can be diagnosed is extremely important and to understand the symptoms could potentially save someone’s life. The signs and symptoms of breast cancer include a breast lump that may feel different from the surrounding tissue. There could be a change in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast. The skin of the breast could change, factors such as dimpling. Another factor could include the peeling, scaling, crusting of a pigmented area of the skin surrounding the breast. Lastly, there could also be redness or tenderness of the skin over the breast. There are also factors that can increase the risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer. The increased risk of breast cancer include being a female, increasing age, personal and family history, genetics,Show MoreRelatedNobel Prize for Cell Signaling Pathways Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pages or Medicine was awarded to James Rothman, Randy Schekman, and Thomas Sudhof for their pioneering research in cell signaling pathways. Together, they were able to solve many questions that we had about how this precise cell- ­Ã¢â‚¬ to- ­Ã¢â‚¬  cell regulation is carried out. With their works, many scientists across the world can apply their discoveries in variousRead MoreOverview of The Endocrine System713 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstanding how this system operates and what contributes to its failures can be helpful in understanding how the body contributes to overall health and wellness. 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Masculinity in the Trinidadian Diaspora in Sections of an...

Sections of an Orange dives into the personal stories of men and women living in Trinidad and Tobago and the Trinidadian diaspora in New York. Anton Nimblett allows the reader to experience the struggles with the characters, and there are feelings of isolation, longing, deception, and most commonly—love. Caribbean conceptions of gender and sexuality are usually geared towards the traditional types. In other words, boys are to playing football, and not helping their aunts sew and cook. Men are supposed to work hard and provide a home and raise a family with a â€Å"‘proper girl from university† (56). Women are depicted as having strong roles, taking care of the men, being the backbone of the family. Living in the Trinidadian diaspora versus in Trinidad and Tobago seems to give the characters a new space in which they could express themselves sexually. Miss Emelda in â€Å"Into My Parlour† tries to get gossip worthy information from her neighbor Miss Betty. It seems that people have been talking about Miss Betty’s nephew, Terrance, Miss Emelda says, â€Å"‘Yuh nephew was never one to be put playing with the fellas. I even uses to see him helping you sew and thing so too†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (33). Miss Betty feels that she should have known better than to fall into the trap of Miss Emelda getting comfortable and trying to find out her business. Miss Emelda digs some more but Miss Betty does not budge thinking to herself she will not let Miss Emelda â€Å"get the best† of her (35). The thing is Miss

The Arterial Blood Pressure Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Blood force per unit area refers to the measuring of force that is applied to the walls of the arterias as the bosom pumps blood through the organic structure. The force per unit area is determined by the force and the sum of blood pumped, and the size and flexibleness of the arterias. High blood force per unit area, besides known as Hypertension, is considered as above 120/80 mmHg ( PubMed Health, 2011 ) Pathophysiology Arterial blood force per unit area is a merchandise of cardiac end product and systemic vascular opposition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Arterial Blood Pressure Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now A alteration in the vascular wall thickness affects the elaboration of peripheral vascular opposition in hypertensive patients. This consequences in the contemplation of moving ridges back to the aorta and hence increasing the systolic blood force per unit area ( Medscape, 2011 ) . Although 90 % of high blood pressure instances, the cause is non truly known ( Moser, p.11 ) , harmonizing to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare ( AIHW ) , the causes of high blood force per unit area are both biomedical and lifestyle oriented. Major causes include ; being overweight, dietetic salt consumption, and nutrition forms which involve low consumption of fruit and veggies and an high consumption of saturated fat ( Australian Institue of Health and Welfare,2010 ) . Although most of the clip there are no marks and symptoms, such may happen ; confusion, ear noise or buzzing, weariness, concern, irregular pulse, epistaxis, vision alterations. These marks are known as marks of complication or perilously high blood force per unit area called malignant high blood pressure Nursing Appraisal As a patient is admitted to the infirmary, it is critical to execute a nursing appraisal on admittance to garner baseline readings of the patient. The Systems Approach Framework was used to buttockss Mr Nicholas Manners from caput to toe in a mode of subjective and nonsubjective informations. The classs used are as follows ; Central Nervous System, Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System, Gastrointestinal Tract, Renal System, Integumentary System and Metabolic System. CNS – patient is able to communicate-states he has a concern, assess motion of limbs, esthesis to fringes and trouble if any. CVS – HR 95, BP 160/90, assess capillary refill, patient is red in the face – assess circulation of the remainder of the organic structure including warmth and coloring material. RESP. – RR 19 beats per minute, SaO2 97 % on room air, auscultate his chest- listen for abnormalcies in the lungs as he is a tobacco user, measure his work of external respiration. GIT – farther buttocks appetency and eating wonts, auscultate for intestine sounds, buttocks and record intestine direction. RENAL – buttocks input and end product and record observations if needed, utilizing a unstable balance chart. INTEGUMENTARY – buttocks tegument for cicatrixs, waterlessness, integral and skin turgor. METABOLIC – buttocks Hb, BGL and liver map through a blood trial. Education and Psychosocial support Education and support that can be offered to Nicholas to help him in deriving more information and support for his Hypertension include: Dieticians which Nicholas can be referred to during his stay in infirmary, to educate him about a healthy diet and besides supply support. Social worker to supply support for Nicholas and his household if needed. Information brochures can be retreived from the infirmary, to educate Nicholas on Hypertension. Web sites such as Better Health Channel, Hypertension Education Foundation and the Heart Foundation, all provide instruction and information about support for patients about high blood pressure. Nursing Diagnosis Goals Interventions Rationale Evaluation Ineffective wellness care related to incapableness to change life style Short term: Introduce low-sodium and low fat nutrients into Nicholas ‘ diet Refer Nicholas to a dietitian for instruction of low-sodium and low-fat nutrients. To cut down the sum of high-fat nutrients Nicholas is devouring. Nicholas ‘ diet presently consists of less high-fat nutrients. Short term: Aim to cut down blood force per unit area readings to less than 150/80 by the following GP visit in a hebdomad. Teach Nicholas to take Nicholas ain blood force per unit area daily at place and record it. To brace Nicholas ‘ blood force per unit area at a lower degree. Nicholas ‘ blood force per unit area readings have now stabilised to a lower degree. Long term: Develop a regular exercising program for Nicholas to follow. Promote Nicholas to walk for an hr each twenty-four hours. To promote Nicholas to prosecute in a healthy life style. Nicholas participates in an hr of physical activity each twenty-four hours. Long term: Aim to discontinue smoke in the following 8-12 months. Refer Nicholas to back up plans such as ‘QUIT ‘ to back up and help Nicholas in discontinuing smoke. To cut down Nicholas ‘ hazard of holding blocked arterias and therefore increasing Nicholas blood force per unit area Nicholas has now quit smoke Nursing Diagnosis Goals Interventions Rationale Evaluation Fatigue related to the effects of high blood pressure and the day-to-day life stressors. Short term: Aim to command side effects such as weariness. Educate Nicholas on the side effects, to help him in commanding them. To help Nicholas in deriving cognition of the side effects and how to command them in instance they are experienced after discharge. Nicholas is able to command his small if any side effects experienced. Short term: Aim to keep a stable degree of fluids in the organic structure. Ensure Nicholas drinks plentifulness of H2O throughout the twenty-four hours. To maintain Nicholas hydrous and cut down weariness. Record amounts utilizing a unstable balance chart if needed Nicholas ‘ weariness degrees have decreased as he is imbibing plentifulness of H2O throughout the twenty-four hours. Long term: Reduce the emphasis degrees experienced throughout the twenty-four hours. Discuss emphasis cut downing methods applicable to Nicholas. To cut down the hazard of increasing Nicholas ‘ blood force per unit area. Nicholas has reduced his emphasis degrees utilizing the methods discussed Long term: Develop a healthy feeding program to utilize one time Nicholas is discharged Refer Nicholas to a dietician to help in educating him in the importance of a healthy diet and developing a program. To cut down weariness related to an unhealthy diet. Nicholas has continued his healthy feeding program and does non endure from weariness. Nursing Diagnosis Goals Interventions Rationale Evaluation Imbalanced nutrition related to deficient cognition of the relationship between diet and the disease Short term: Brace the instabilities of nutrition Provide Nicholas with a scope of fruits and veggies To supply Nicholas with a assortment of foods from a scope of nutrients. Nicholas ‘ diet now chiefly consists of fruit and veggies Short term: To do Nicholas ‘ cognition on the disease Provide Nicholas with information such as booklets about high blood pressure To guarantee Nicholas has a good cognition of high blood pressure Nicholas is now good educated on his disease Long term: To brace Nicholas ‘ weight within 6-8 months of discharge Refer to dietician to measure and supervise his diet and aid with his weight loss To guarantee Nicholas has the support required to run into his end Nicholas is now within a healthy weight scope for his gender, tallness and age Long term: Derive more cognition on the effects of smoke Educate Nicholas on the effects of smoking to his organic structure To guarantee he is cognizant of the harm smoke is making to his organic structure Nicholas is good informed on the effects of smoke Nursing Diagnosis Goals Interventions Rationale Evaluation Non-compliance related to the side effects of the intervention ( Ackley A ; Ladwig, p.315 ) Short term: Maintain stableness of side effects Monitor Nicholas and supply advice when non following instructions of intervention To guarantee Nicholas ‘ intervention continues on the right way. Nicholas ‘ side effects have decreased. Short term: Long term: Long term: Maintain conformity of intervention Educate Nicholas on hazards if intervention non followed as required To guarantee Nicholas ‘ wellness does non deteriorate Nicholas is compliant with his intervention Diagnostic Trials Diagnostic trials that will help with the appraisal and direction of Nicholas include: Electrocardiogram ( ECG ) – This trial determines if the bosom has sustained nay harm due to untreated high blood pressure ( Cardio Connection, n.d ) . This trial assists with the direction of Nicholas ‘ high blood pressure by supplying moving ridges of the electrical current of the bosom. Urinalysis – This trial is used to test the causes of high blood pressure and expression for any harm to the kidneys as a consequence of untreated high blood pressure ( Cardio Connection, n.d ) . The trial assists with the direction to derive information about the wellness of Nicholas ‘ kidneys. Blood Glucose – This trial determines the sugar degrees in the blood and screens for secondary causes of high blood pressure and the hazard factors involved with more accelerated diseases such as diabetes. Both diabetes and high blood pressure are associated with the rapid patterned advance of arterial sclerosis and harm to the kidneys ( Cardio Connection, n.d ) . This assists in keeping a stabile sugar degree of the blood to cut down the hazard of harm to the kidneys. Serum K – This trial looks for a treatable cause of high blood force per unit area and finding the baseline degree prior to utilizing medical specialty for intervention ( Cardio Connection, n.d ) . This assists in finding a baseline to compare to if it were to promote. Hazard Appraisal Upon admittance, a hazard appraisal must be completed to find the patient ‘s hazard of holding a autumn. This appraisal besides assists the nurses in guaranting the patient has their properties or AIDSs within range to guarantee the patient ‘s safety and to diminish their hazard of hurt. The appropriate appraisal tool for Nicholas would be a Falls Risk Assessment Tool ( FRAT ) . This relates to Nicholas as he complained of giddiness and deficiency of slumber. This is needed to measure his hazard of hurt. Mention to Appendix 1 for a Falls Risk Assessment Tool. Medicines Nifedipine – Antihypertensive agent – as stated by Tiziani, 2006 Action: Besides known as Ca adversaries, these agents impede the inflow of Ca ions during depolarization of cardiac and vascular smooth musculus, doing betterment in the myocardial O supply and cardiac end product, and a decrease in myocardial work by cut downing afterload ( Tiziani, 2006 ) Use: Angina pectoris Mild to chair high blood pressure Nicholas has been prescribed this medicine to help with bracing his blood force per unit area. Interactions: Contraindicated with rifampicin May do bosom failure if used with beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agents Serum concentrations may be increased if given with Tagamet, Quinidex or Cardizem. Excessive cardiovascular depression may happen if given with inspiration anesthetics. Adverse effects: Headache, giddiness, dizziness, flushing, weariness, dizziness. Anorexia, sickness, irregularity, abdominal hurting, dry oral cavity. Muscle spasms. Nursing points/precautions: Note and study thorax hurting because thie requires stoping the drug. Patient should be advised to avoid drive or operating machinery if giddiness or dizziness is a job. Caution if used in those with aortal stricture, bosom failure, liver damage, discrepancy or Prinzmental angina, unstable angina, or recent myocardial infarction. Atorvastatin – lipid-regulating agent – as stated by Tiziani, 2006 Action: Reduce cholesterin significantly in patients with type II lipemia and hence besides significantly cut down the hazard of coronary arteria disease Use: Hypercholesterolaemia Nicholas has been prescribed this medicine to take down the entire cholesterin and low-density lipoproteins ( LDL ) Interactions: May addition plasma concentration of Lanoxin, increasing the hazard of toxicity. Caution if used with Tagamet, Aldactone or ketoconazole. Adverse effects: Headache, insomnia. Constipation, flatulency, abdominal hurting, sickness, diarrhea. Back hurting Nursing points/precautions: Liver map trial should be performed before get downing therapy and at 6 and 2 hebdomads, so twice annually. Advise patient to describe any musculus hurting, spasms, tenderness or failing, unease or febrility. Should be withheld if any status occurs that predisposes the patient to rhabdomyolysis, such as injury, sepsis, uncontrolled epilepsy or metabolic, or endocrinal instabilities. How to cite The Arterial Blood Pressure Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Information Technology Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

Question: Discuss about theInformation Technologyfor Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. Answer: Introduction Artificial intelligence and Robotics have had a common root and a relative long history of interaction and scientific discussion. The birth of the Artificial Intelligence and the Robotics took into the effect in around 50s which was initially there was no clear distinction between the two disciplines. The notion on the subjects has been intelligent machines has naturally lead to robots and the Robotics (Cohen Feigenbaum, 2014). One could therefore argue that not every machine is a robot and certainly that the Artificial intelligence has been concerned with the aspect of virtual agent. Currently, we are have been witnessing a revival of the interest in the fertile domain of the machine that are embodied intelligence, that has been as a result of the dissemination to more techniques from the areas that are more accessible to robot platform having presence of advanced sensory motor capabilities. In the 70s, there has been separation between these two fields with Robotics becoming more f ocused to the industrial automation and Artificial Intelligence using the robots to demonstrate on how the machines could act in everyday environments. Over the years, there has been difficulties that have been exhibited in the design of the robotics systems that are capable of acting in the unconstrained environments, which lead the researchers to dismiss Robotics as the preferred test bed for the AI (Cohen Feigenbaum, 2014). However, this trend changed in 90s when the robots had become to emerge in the Artificial laboratories and the Robotics was addressed in the less controlled environments. To summarize on the Artificial Intelligent and Robotics it has been difficult to establish the problem to be addressed as to whether building intelligent robots has been identified through research community, and whether the development of the robots has been in view that prototypical case of the AI system. The research proposal will seek to address the research problem especially the major scientific issues in the field and the connections and the relationships with some of the other topics that are addressed in the collection with other disciplines. The Aim of the Research The purpose of the research is to address where the artificial intelligence does and robotics are the future of the machines and the relationship and connections it has over other disciplines. The machine are the future will not be differentiated between man and machines; this will be explored in the research proposal. The research aims to address on the scientific issues of robotics and Artificial intelligence through arranging them into basic issues in the robot design such as perception and action. Research Questions The key research questions for the research proposal are the following: To find out the scientific issues that are related to Artificial Intelligence and Robotics? What are the impact of AI and Robotics for the near future and the effects to the humans? To distinguish the negative impacts of the AI and Robotics to the people? To identify the relationship and connections that exists between AI and Robotics to other disciplines? Description of the Research Proposal There has been various problems that has been associated in the AI and robotics research, one challenge that has faced the scientific has understood how the artificial intelligence robots could reach the conclusions in the first place. Many researcher have identified that the neural network essentially comes under the inscrutability of observation, and they are put the information, which usually goes to them, the issue that is facing them is how does certain decisions goes unexplained. According to proposal by Shanabans highlights that we should take the symbolic description of the GOFAI and combine them with the deep learning, this would provide the system with a starting point for understanding the world. Factors that affect theResearch and Ethical Considerations The research aims to focus on writing about the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics especially on the future creation of the machines that have intellectual capabilities. It is therefore, important to consider how the artificial intelligence is enhancing the human life (Frankish Ramsey, 2014). The research need to explore on the current use of the Artificial intelligence technologies in various designs. The ethical and the legal issues relates to the validity off the information in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. Some of the considerations are the possible future of the creations of the robots with the general intellectual capabilities outstand those of the humans that are distinct from ethical problems that arises in the current automation as well as the information systems (Frankish Ramsey, 2014). The codes and the policies that will be outlined in the research will be entirely be based on the honesty, respect for the intellectual property, confidentiality and the non-disc rimination. It would be prudent to consider also the confidentiality and anonymity of the persons that will be involved in the survey of the research. Methodology of the Research The chapter will focus on the research design, the population, the technique that will be used for sampling in the study, the data collection instruments and the data collection techniques and procedure (Tirgul Naik, 2014). The literature review will be based on the empirical research of the past research by the well known researcher in the field of computer science. The sampling method for the research will be random sampling to give the population an equal number of chances in order to carry out a survey. There will be analysis of the primary and the secondary sources of the information to give a broad perspective of research information of different scholars in the field. Expected Outcomes The field of the artificial intelligence provides the machine the ability to think analytically, trough use off the various concepts. There has been tremendous contribution to the various areas of the artificial Intelligence techniques over the past years (Tirgul Naik, 2014). The machine learning approaches have been applied to many problems that are arising in the design of the robots. Both the action and perception are being supported in the learning approaches. References Cohen, P. R., Feigenbaum, E. A. (Eds.). (2014). The handbook of artificial intelligence (Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann. Frankish, K., Ramsey, W. M. (Eds.). (2014). The Cambridge handbook of artificial intelligence. Cambridge University Press. Michalski, R. S., Carbonell, J. G., Mitchell, T. M. (Eds.). (2013). Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach. Springer Science Business Media. Tirgul, C. S., Naik, M. R. (2014). Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.