Effects of Rapid Population Growth Essay Example for Free

Effects of Rapid Population Growth EssayWhile state growth is at times a beneficial thing for a species, there be umteen instruments that define when growth becomes detrimental. When population growth becomes rapid there is a great chance that the counter-productive level has been reached. The most accurate index is the balance between population and sustainability. 1. Rapid Growth oRapid growth is a quick maturation in population. The number concerned when calculating the population is the number of individuals alive.In other words, while some areas may have large numbers of births, they may not realize an increase in their population if the death rate is sufficient to offset the birthrate. These sort of factors back actually contribute to birth rate and the rate of growth. For example, in times when populations have experienced great losses, a rapid increase in population may occur. In these situations this may be termed a correction (this is a statistical concept). The Baby Boom following World War II is an instance of this sort. Causes There can be a variety of causes for rapid population growth. There are circumstances which can create sentiment in the population that will inspire population growth. These are usually immediate, or short lived, occurrences and can cause rapid growth. There are also other conditions which seem inversely related. In areas of poverty and lour living conditions, birth rates are sometimes higher. This can result in birth rates higher than those of industrialized nations where birth control is ubiquitous and pregnancy is put off for some time.Another cause of population growth is older populations living longer while birth rates do not decline. Many nations are experiencing rapid population growth of that sort in numbers that havent existed in the past. Any combination or single factor can cause the population number to increase in the immediate, but some factors are more likely to cause sustained growth. Effects oPo pulation growth, notwithstanding rapid population growth, can be a positive thing.Examples include corrections when the rapid growth may actually supply a population that wouldnt have existed to contribute otherwise. With sustained growth and rapid growth though there is a risk of overpopulation. When the level of overpopulation is reached, a number of negative set up can occur and a number of startling correlations are being discovered. Among the most definite and devastating effects of overpopulation is lack of land. The lack of land results in a number of things which result in negative impact on the population.Waste management of such populations is also difficult to handle effectively and can result in pollution and detriment to the environment. Without adequate land per individual the quality of housing decreases. Another result is insufficient land to produce crops. This results in hunger and ultimately starvation. These can be catastrophic and cause repercussions in the pr ocess. One example of these problems was London after the Industrial Revolution. Because of the population explosion in London, living space was minimal, leading to overcrowded conditions.A lack of food caused malnutrition, and poor waste management led to contaminated water supplies, which caused high levels of disease, such as typhoid and cholera. Changes in population sentiment oA newer correlation that has only recently been adequately studied to comment on is the effects on social perceptual constancy of overpopulation. While it may seem evident that starvation may cause discontent, scientific studies have recently shown correlation between overpopulation and civil unrest.In many areas of unstable populations higher numbers of civil conflict within the area exist. Correlations like these often risk being self-sustaining and can spiral. Looking send oNo single action is effective against all instances of rapid population or overpopulation. Some instances of rapid population gr owth may be a hygienic response to some new factor. Monitoring populations and helping with the individual causes of unhealthy rapid population growth may help to prevent sustained overpopulation.

A tool for Financial Reforms in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

A tool for Financial straightens in the Philippines Essay assessation is regarded as one among fiscal policies in governance. It plays a vital role in the development of a solid ground. The ability to collect levyes is a core functions of an effective state. Taxes, if used properly, sack promote economic ripening and lessen income inequalities. For a country like the Philippines, it begins with the actuality that it provides the revenue needed to finance government activities. Thus, the traditional tax income reform programs are premised mainly in generating much revenues to finance public expenditures1 Initiating tax reforms, however, are lots difficult. Taxation is often referred to as a classic case of a collective action problem. slice government provisions of public goods can benefit everyone, the greater majority of the citizens would rather enjoy the benefits of public goods without contributing to the cost of providing them through taxes. This is the reason wher efore there is no consistency for tax reforms, and there are very few lawmakers or legislators who would champion increasing taxes. Moreover, the coercive nature of taxation and perceptions of putridness in government lead to little confidence by citizens that taxes that they pay are translated into public services.Nonetheless, recent studies have shown that engaging citizens to tax debates and bargaining can be a more effective tax reform strategy. This role for taxation as a catalyst for more responsive and accountable governments and for expanding the state-citizens relations. However, is often overlooked. Contemporary study on taxation and development has found that taxation can strengthen state-society relationships with positive consequences for state and the extent to which governments are responsive and accountable top their citizens2.In otherwise words, taxation has the potential not just to increase revenue but to contribute to broad improvements in governance, by encou raging taxpayers to engage directly with the government to demand public services and responsibilities in return for tax compliance. This referred to the state-building approach to tax reforms. Several types of taxes have been evolved based on the existing provisions of the law colligate to revenue collections. Travel tax is one among those types which the government imposed and mandates in every tourists who leave the country.Travel tax reforms have been changed from the time the administration also changed. Today, amendments, alterations and passing the bills on tourism protection in order to raise revenue for the settlement of debts and borrowings and for government investments purposes. import of the Study and Problem Statement The purpose of the research study is to review and analyse the pending Senate Bill No. 2018 An Act Allocating the Travel Tax hookup to the Philippine Tourism government chest, Amending thereby Presidential Decree 1183, as Amended, and the Republic Ac t No.7722, and For Other Purposes otherwise known as The Travel Tax Reform Act of 2013 authored by the Hon. Senator Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada3. It seeks to give a clear view of the elements in passing this bill as part of tax reforms and serves as head principles for future tax reforms in the Philippines, eventually, propose specific tax reforms strategies whether this would be applicable to better governance emphasizing the values of accountability, responsiveness, transparency and a popular government. How can conk out tax reforms can be modified to take more account of government and state-building objectives?This research study will serve as guide on applying the principles of Fiscal administration, its principles, policies and functions and be able to relate our views not only for the academe, actors in the public administration but for the public administration practitioners. The outfit of this study is to provide adequate information on travel tax reforms in the country fo r convenience for revenue purposes. The main focus of the analysis is to screen out whether this pending bill is a necessity for the countrys development. Objectives of the StudyThe researcher, in particular, intends to come up with the following objective 1. Present a spaciotemporal details and review of the pending bill whether this is applicable to the massive development of our economy. 2. Evaluate the Philippines experience in travel tax reforms based on specific model. 3. Determine and examine the existing rules, policies, provisions of the law and how this can be reformed to increase state accountability and increase tax morale. 4. Provide form _or_ system of government recommendations that can be adopted for future travel tax reforms and to give stand on the matter whether this bill shall be passed or not.Fiscal constitution in the Philippine Fiscal Administration In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection, also known a s taxation. The two main instruments of fiscal policy are changes in the level and composition of taxation and government spending in various sectors. These changes can cloak the following macroeconomic variable in the economy Aggregate demand, distribution of income, allocation of scarce resources, expenditures, debt borrowings and spending. Development and growth in the economy may take off on the fiscal policy of the government.Fiscal policy refers to the use of the government budget to influence economic activity. It also refers to the measures employed by governments to stabilize the economy, specifically by manipulating the levels and allocation of taxes and government expenditures. Fiscal measuresare frequently used to tandem with monetary policy tom achieve certain goals. In the Philippines, this is characterized by unvarying and increasing levels of debt and budget deficits, though there have been improvements in the last few years.The Philippines governments main sourc e of revenue are taxes, with more or less non-tax revenue also being collected. To finance fiscal deficit and debt, the Philippines relies on both house servant and external sources. Fiscal policy during Marcos regime inherited a large fiscal deficit from the previous administration, but managed to shave fiscal imbalance and improve tax collection through the introduction of the 1986 Tax Reform Program and the value added tax. The Ramos Administration experienced budget surpluses due to substantial gains from massive sales of government assets and strong overseas investments in its early years.However, the writ of execution of the 1997 Comprehensive Tax Reform and the onset of the Asian financial crisis resulted to a deteriorating fiscal position in the succeeding years and administrations. The Estrada Administration faced a large fiscal deficit due to the decrease in tax effort and the repayment of the Ramos Administrations debt to contractors and suppliers. During Arroyo Admin istration, the Expanded Value Added Tax equity was enacted, national debt-to-GDP ratio peaked, and the underspending on public infrastructure and other capital expenditures was observed.During the First Regular Session of the 16th Congress of the Philippines, Senate Bill No. 2018 was introduced by the Hon. Senator Jingoy Ejercito Estrada4. The Bill entitled An Act Allocating the Travel Tax Collection to the Philippine Tourism Authority, Amending Thereby Presidential Decree 1183, and Republic Act 7722, and For Other Purposes As explained by the Senator, he gives the vital role of tourism industry in boosting the countrys economy. Based on its mantra Its More Fun in the Philippines, the Department of Tourism (DOT) recorded 2. 38 million visitors or an 11.08% increase from various last years arrivals, for the first half of 2013 alone. In do-gooder to this, the National Statistical Coordination Board (NCSB) revealed on November 2012 that according to the latest results of the Philip pine Tourism Satellite (PTSA), the contribution of tourism in the economy in 2011 was 5. 9%, based on the share of tourism direct gross value added (TDGV) to pith gross domestic product. PTSA further revealed that share of tourism employment to the total employment in the country slightly increased at 10. 3 percent estimated at 3. 8 million in 2011, higher by 3. 5 percent from last years 3. 7 million. 5 chthonian section 3 of the Senate Bill Allocation of Travel Tax Collection to the Philippine Tourism Authority. Pursuant to the aforecited state policy, all proceeds of the travel tax shall be utilized exclusively for the tourism projects of the Philippine Tourism Authority. According to Mr. Julian Misolas Jr6. , The Philippine Tourism Agency is the sole agency trusty for the collection of Travel taxes either a Filipino citizens or a Foreigner difference the country. The other provisions of the bill stated the restriction of the accredited collection agency, there Remittances of t he Travel tax Collection and Submission of reports, Traveltax exemptions, the Travel tax refund, and urbane remedies. Under the remedies, there are two options in order to cope up with the circumstances a) Distraint of Personal property and b) Levy on existent Estate Property. What is Travel Tax? Travel Tax is a levy imposed by the Philippine government on the following individuals who are deviation the country irrespective of the place where their air ticket is issued and the form or place or payment, as provided for by Presidential Decree 1183. Under presidential Decree (PD) 1183, as amended by PD 1205, Batas Pambansa 38.And Executive Order 283, Filipinos and other nationals traveling to the other countries are required to pay travel tax before departure from the Philippines, irrespective where the air ticket is issued and the form of place of payment. The following individuals are required to pay the travel tax Filipino nationals, permanent resident aliens, Non-resident aliens who have stayed in the Philippines for more than one (1). There are exemptions to the general rule The following Filipino citizens are exempted from the payment of travel tax pursuant to Se2.Of PD 1183, as amended) 1) oversea Filipino Workers, Filipino permanent residents abroad whose stay in the Philippines is less than a year and 3) infants ( 2 years old and below) . Among those exempted from paying the travel taxes, they have to present valid identification documents to certify the authenticity of stay. Upon submission of the documentary documents, citizens are eligible for reduce rate of travel. Under Republic Act 7194 otherwise known as the Balikbayan Law, on November 7, 2002 during the 12th Congress this laws was approved.An Act Amending Republic Act 6768, Entitled, An Act Instituting A Balikabayan Program by Providing Additional benefits and Privileges to Balikbayan and For Other Purposes Sec 1. A Balikbayan Program is hereby instituted under the administration of the Depar tment of Tourism to attract and encourage Overseas Filipino to come and visit their Motherland ingredient 1 encourages Overseas Filipino to come and visit their motherland. This is to recognize their notable contribution to the economy of the country through the foreign exchange inflow and revenue that they generate.Section 2 gives the definition of Balikbayan which means a Filipino citizen who has been continuously OUT OF THE Philippines for a accomplishment at least one (1) year, A Filipino Overseas workers or a former a Filipino citizens and his or her family. The definition of family and the livelihood tools. Under Section 3 enumerated the benefits and privileges of the balikabayan. Among are the followings a. Tax- exempt from maximum procure in the amount of One Thousand Five Hundred united States dollars ($ 1,500.00) or its resembling in Philippine Peso and in foreign currencies at all government-owned and controlled/operated duty-free shops subject to the limitations cont ained in Section 4 hereof b. All domestic carriers shall establish a special promotional/incentive program for the balikbayan. c. Visa free entry to the Philippines for a period of one year (1) year for foreign passport holders, with exception of restricted nationals. d. Travel tax exemption as provided under Presidential Decree 1183 and other allied laws e.Especially designated reception areas at the authorized ports of entry for the expeditious act uponing of documents. f. Accredited transportation facilities that will ensure their safe and convenient trips upon arrival. The Department of Tourism and the Department of Transportation and chat and other concerned government agencies are hereby mandated to implement the program for this particular purpose and g. Kahayan shopping privilege and additional tax exempt purchase in the maximum amount of Two Thousand United States dollars ( $ 2,000.00) or its equivalent in Philippine peso. h. Limitation have been stipulated in the law an d punctually approved by the President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. It has been published in the official gazetteer at least (two) national papers of general circulations, whichever come earlier. Republic Act 9174 provides framework to those person indicated in Section 1 and 2 of this law for the exemption from paying the travel taxes. Other provisions are the restrictions and limitations thereat.Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA)_has changed its name to Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority ( TIEZA) under Republic Act 9593 otherwise known as Tourism Act of 2009 duly approved by the president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in May 11, 2009, during the second regular session of the 14th Congress. The Act Entitled An Act Declaring a National insurance for Tourism as an Engine of Investment, Employment, Growth and national Development, and Strengthening the Department of Tourism and its Attached Agencies to Effectively, Efficiently implement that Policy and Appropriating Funds Ther efor.TIEZA has the sole function to collect travel taxes and give benefits and privileges to those qualified Filipinos and those stated in Section 2 of the P. D. 1183. A certification of Compliance has been issued to TIEZA which will serve as the transparence Seal provisions of the General Appropriation Act of 2013, 2012 and 211. Attached as annex a certification issued to TIEZA. Under section 4 of the Act it defined the following terms used (a) Department refers to the Department of Tourism created pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 189 (1973), as amended.(b) Secretary refers to the Secretary of Tourism (c) duty Free Philippines (DFP) refers to government agency created out of DFP pursuant to this Act. (d) Duty Free Philippines Corporation (DFPC) refers to corporate entity created out of DFP pursuant to this Act. (e) Philippines Conventions and Visitors Corporation (PCVC) refers to the corporate entity created pursuant to presidential Decree No. 86, amended. (f) Intramuros Admin istration 9IA) refers to the government agency created pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1616 (1979), as amended.(g) Philippine retirement Authority (PRA) refers to the government agency created pursuant to Executive order No. 1037 (1985). (h) Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA) refers to government agency created pursuant to this Act. (i) Tourism EEnterprise Zone (TEZ) refers to tourism (j) TEZ overseer refers to any person who shall be appointed by the TIEZA in specific zones to perform such functions as may be delegated by the TIEZA in accordance with law Other related definitions can refer to Section 4 of this Act. Under Section 72 of this Act provides reinforcement for TIEZA.The TIEZA shall obtained the funds for itys trading operations from the following (a) Fifty percent (50%) of the proceeds from the travel tax collections (b) A reasonable share from the collections of Office of Tourism resource generation, to be determined by the Department (c) Income from Projects managed by TIEZA (d) Subsidies and grants from local and foreign sources that maybe received by the TIEZA. At least five (5%) from the travel tax collection which shall accrue to the TIEZA shall be earmarked for the development of historic, cultural, religious and heritage sits and prime tourist destinations.underscoring supplied Section 73 of this Act state the Collection and Allocation of Travel Taxes. For purposes of this Act, the TIEZA shall the principal agency responsible for the timely collection of travel taxes. Amounts to be collected by the TIEZA shall be distributed in the manner provided for under this Act Provided, that the national government shall for alternative funding sources for programs funded by the travel tax in the event of a phase out travel tax collection following international agreements.Pursuant to Section 72 of this Act fifty percent (50%) of the proceeds out of travel tax collections shall accrue to the tIEZA. The government contrib ution to the Higher Education Development Fund, equivalent to forty (40%) percent from the total gross collections of travel tax, shall be retained Provided that the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) shall give priority to tourism related educational programs and course.The ten percent (10%) share of the national Commission for the Culture and the Arts from the total gross collections of the travel tax shall likewise be retained. familiar Budgeting Allocation of Budget in Tourism industry especially in the collection and allocation of Travel Taxes has counterpart, with the Department of Budget and Management (DBM), The Department of pay (DOF), Commission on Audit (COA), Bureau of Internal (BIR), The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the National Commission on Culture and the Arts (NCAA) and other concerned agency in tourism industry.The Appropriation based on the General Appropriation Act of 2013 for the Department of Tourism (DOT). It is a political process because th e decision and priorities is determine more valuable to the society and boosting technical and merit with constituents need or demands.

Television Is A Type Of Communication System Media Essay

Television Is A Type Of Communication System Media EssayA unbridgabale gap has come in clement and TV . There are so many channels to enjoy.It has presented or telecasted of any door to door customs and traditional as well as international events .Television helps us get updates what happened around the world.we are able to see whole small movement happened around us.It presents a small view of our society.On this we tolerate watch live events like cricket ,functional etc.It has great deals now -a -days with mass and media .It has been proved through TV that mass need every update at every movement of their life.It has been a grand source of mass communication.TV what we think it has been a most common source of information and delight for people and it has knocked forth every source of information.Moreover ,television is a great source of getting jobs, as a carrier maker,personality,enhanchment and a great deal more.TV is known as an idiot knock by some people but it not an idiot box .If we use it through a knowledge of science, discovery ,arts ,history and some related channel. It depends on the person how he use it and to what extent he is using it.Without TV we can not imagine our life because it provides us information at every moment of life and every a single movement of our society.TV is a great source of mass media .Media is a great powerful source of unexclusive and it can fulfill peoples needs .Now-a-days so many TV Channels are providing their expeditions to all,The socities or groups of society members .They try to catch videos of people and broadcast to all over the world to approach their demands to the governing bodies.As a result we see everday on television govt.come to take some implements on some matters through these diversity of news or spicy matters.Without TV we are unable to get updates most what happening around the world.Through television companies are advertising their product .It avoids kids from doing mixer things the y dont spend much time playing outdoor games rather they just spend time seeing them on TV .well and the most important ,if u sit in front of TV the whole day youll definitely get fat .its a fact.Today the kids are mostly interested in ceremony cartoons which involve so much actions and violence .It imprints a bad impact on childrens.If we see our present we think on programs that made for childrens .programs or serials that designed for childrens more practically contain violence than adult TV. we always heard the thoughts of our parents ,neighbourhood ,many people that children are always infront of television watching game,cartoon,TV serials ,cricket match ,geographical channel etc. Childrens ,students they properly do not focus toward their studies .they always dis-obeying their parents.the problem is that they only watch cartoons ,movie ,songs and so on.The dont watch TV news which more useful for them to emergence their general knowledge. Childrens spend max. time infront o f television.Television can be a very useful academics.The television programmes are used to develop listening skills,learning skills.Now Lets talk about merits and de-merits of television TV HELPFUL TO PEOPLETV provides Knowledge of outside worldGood programs of science ,medicine artsEntertainment to the oldLanguage exercising for non-native speakers.SERIOUS DISADVANTAGES OF TVPeople watch TV for 6hrs.a dayChildren watch TV more than studying sleepingTVs can influence negative feelTV CAUSES POOR CONCENTARTION Childrens studies sufferMakes people dissatisfied Life becomes boringBecomes more real than reality.VIOLENCE ON SCREEN AFFECTS CHILDRENChildren watchMurders on TVViolence fightsPeople get excitedPEOPLE GET ADDICTED TO TVMost negative effect of TV-People get addicted ruling need to watch TVTVs addication is like drug addiction..so many people have have fallen into the trap of believing tv is the best entertainment there is, but for a little extra you get loads more out of books.And it all comes down to imagination.somedays books are so so much better than tv,you can really get engrossed in them and theres such as lot to gain from them.Before a child is fourteen years old,he or she views eleven thousand murders on the tube.He or she beings to belive that there is nothing strange about fights ,killings and other kinds of violence .Many studies show that people more violent afterwards certain programmes.They may even do things that they saw in a violent show.The most negative effect of the boob-tube might be people addication to it .People often feel a strange and powerful need to watch television even when thy dont enjoy it .Addication to a television screen is similar to drug or alcohol addiction.People almost never belive they are addicted

Importance of CSR for companies in Mauritius

Importance of CSR for companies in MauritiusCSR has been subject to much analysis for different types of tunees who were controlled and managed by futurist and modern managers who were here to provide a new dimension in the backing era. It is a concept where managers or leaders of certain firms decide to contribute voluntarily for a better genial environment. Companies provide us with these because they squander they need to contribute back for the land that they use. The other reason is that it is purely voluntary, and they provide us with such services without expecting anything in return.May researches beat come with mingled definitions of CSR, but however, they all posses the by- caper characteristics in commonBusiness commitment to try to add value and a better way of living for the whole society.Making society benefit from itProtecting nature and our environmentVyarkarnam also found out during his study that CSR dealt with these following atomic number 18asenvironmental problems,charities and donation,Investment in activities.Corporate neighborly Responsibility is a process that companies apply to bring benefits to the society. The latter has juristic, commercial, ethical and public expectations from business activity. CSR is utilize in a way such that it meets the ask and in some instances, exceeds the expectations.The equivalent testimony gave some recite of the diverse School of thoughts which interpret CSR other than knowledge domainwide. Definition of CSR from Ghana is CSR is about capacity building for sustainable livelihoods. It respects cultural differences and finds the business opportunities in building the skills of employees, the community and the governing,however Philippians CSR is about business giving back to society.Theoretical Rationale behind Corporate Social Responsibility2.1 The Social Contract TheoryThe Social Contract Theory hypothesizes that the footing of morality are uniform social accords that best serve the int erests of those who make the agreements. (A.K.H. Khor)This means that if the social contract between the business and the community is breached, there depart be conflict leading to a revocation of the contract and the firm then risks sanctions imposed by the individuals of the society. For example convey may be discreditd, legal restrictions may be imposed, and also denial of human and pecuniary resources.2.2 The Legitimacy TheoryIt is verbalize that the Legitimacy Theory and the Social Contract Theory are inter connected.To be viewed as being socially responsible, investors do not hesitate to pay a premium for corporate behaviour (Pava and Krauze, 1996 Toms, 2000). This is so because it ensures the insistent inflow of capital of the United States, labour and customers needed for viability. This proves the importance of CSRThe confidence of corporate stakeholders suffered a serious blow, undermining their faith in the accounting profession, following the revelation of the co rporate s dopedals at WorldCom and Enron. Thus a call has been made for more transparent reporting and the Legitimacy surmise arose and implied the above social contract.2.3 The semipolitical Economy TheoryThis theory is quite a recent one, and it gives us a good uprise on how to explain CSR. That is, this theory states that economics and politics female genitalsnot be separated. The mission and desire term objective of the firm should coincide with that of the government. Hence, it is obvious that firms engage in CSR by taking into consideration its employees, the society and other stakeholders affected by its activities. Thus, this approach gives us a good idea as to why firms engage in these activities.2.4 The stakeholder theory agree to Milton Friedman, the main objective of an organisation in the departed was profit making and maximization. That is, firms were established only in the view of making profit, ignoring the harmful effect that they might be doing to the socie ty at large. At these times, there were no firms engaging in CSR activities.The stakeholder theory is a theory of organizational management that tries to address different topics in business, such as, morals and values in management. This theory was originally put forward by Edward Freeman. According to him, a business does not only involve the owner, management and workers of the company. It involves the society at large, that is, the government, political groups, communities and hitherto competitors. Freeman stated that when doing business, it was immoral just to reward the workers and owners of the business. Instead, it should be rewarding the whole society at large, and hence, coming forward with CSR activities.The stakeholder Theory attempts to shrive the provision of social instruction in an attempt to put one across stakeholder support and thus minimize the costs of dealing with complaints and actions that might otherwise affect them. (Davis, 2003)We can categorize the st akeholders of the companysShareholdersEmployeesSuppliersCustomersGovernmentTrade unionsBusiness associateslocal community andEven competitors.Ullmann (1985) suggested a model based on the stakeholder theory according to which, if stakeholders control the subjective resources it is ultimate for business to responds positively to the demands of the former. As an empirical accountability, the organisations commit its stakeholders. This is supported by by referring to the extent of which the organisation believes in the interplay with each group needs to be managed in order to further the interest of the organisation, the more important the stakeholder to the organisation, the more effort will be extended in managing the kin.The impact of CSR on the decision making of stakeholders of a business.Shareholders.RARE researches brought, a company indulge in Corporate social Responsibility efforts can strengthen the voice of shareholders in sustainability matters. On a better information b asis, they can assess their companys sustainability performance and assert their rights to promote more corporate responsibility (Shareholder activisms). Shareholders look for confidence and promise in a company. Therefore guided by their ethical principles, many investors choose firms taking into consideration the social and environment issues. In the study of Epstein and freedman, investors reduce the uncertainty about the value of their investment through reducing their environmental risks and the firms mathematical product safety and quality among others.EmployeesThe literature of management science regard the relationship of management-employee as an essential one, employees are one of the key stakeholders for any business and evidence is growing of the importance of employees attached to the companies demonstrating their CSR records through progressive employment bore as well as through their behavior as good corporate citizens to know about the working conditions and sustai nability job hunters make use of the yearly report. Companies promoting the social responsibility provide such information through CSR revealing. Crowther says that employees are search to work for companies that reflect and embody their values and who are as concern about principles as they are with profits. In search of job security, CSR disclosure is helpful to employees.suppliers For suppliers, CSR such as fair trade practices hold the potential that the acquire company grants preferential purchasing conditions, frequently to stabilize the exchange relation and gain legitimacy as well as customers (RARE research project). Thus it can be deduce that suppliers also use CSR to some extent to establish good commercial relationship.CustomersThrough CSR activities like reporting companies provide more (non-financial) information to customers who can then take better informed decisions on purchasing or rejecting the companys product (voice cf. Rrubik et al. 2000) A fresh event mark ed by The oil spill in the gulf provoked a total chaos leading to BP customers rejecting BPs products worldwide.Local CommunityAccording to Glautier and Underdown (1994), local communities are very dependent on local industries, not only because they provide employment, but also because they straightaway affect the entire socio-economic structure of the environment. Industrial activities have always both positive and negative impact on the community at large. CSR disclosure is useful to the community in the sense that they may identify the companies with the good companies-public relationship. As such, the local community has an interest in the activities of the local industries, and requires much more information on social benefits and cost than the public relations-type information.governmentThe government use CSR disclosure as a tool to set norms and assess a companys environmental concern. CSR may constitute a framework for conjunct governance where the traditional means of th e state fail public private (or trilateral) cooperations might make accessible information, innovation, and legitimacy potentials that allow the tackling of sustainability problems more effectively. Wolff (2004).4.0 Why do companies indulge in CSR activities?It can be seen, especially after big international crisis, which businesses need to reflect on how to improve the image of their company.Milton Friedman argued it is the head of firms, that is, executives that have the responsibility towards society and other stakeholders.Friedman says that if actions that have been done result in a decrease in the return of shareholders, an increase in the price for consumers or result in a decrease in the wages of employees, customers and shareholders are spending money for the corporate social responsibility issues.Like said by smith in The Wealth of the nations (1776), It is not from the benevolence of the baker, the brewer and the butcher , that we get our meal, but from their regard to the ir own best interest is in line with what Friedman says in his book , Capitalism and Freedom where he refer to social responsibility in firms as a fundamentally subversive doctrine in society nowadays where businesses main aim is to make maximum profits by using recourses effectively. Therefore as said by Friedman, a businesss job is to make as much profits as it is legally possible.In his paper, the author titled Morality in the Marketplace, Robert Almeder questions whether corporate behavior should be curtail by moral or illegal considerations.In the paper, the author takes the example of general motors and firestone that knowingly made the promotional material of a defective product even though they knew that it would reduce their market share. He also talk about the lack of morality of advertising companies that promote the consumption of cigarettes knowing that this is prone to suck in more smokers and therefore will increase the number of deal who might get lung cancer an d many other disease.According to him, to make businesses act more responsibly , authorities should come up with a laws such that corporate managers should effectively put CSR in practice , at their own expense quite an than censured and fines a sum from corporate profits.(Almeder, R et al (1983) (eds) Business Ethics Corporate values and society)The form of corporate social responsibility most normally found in businesses are them taking care of the environment around them.Environmental issues are an inescapable part of planning business strategies for the foreseeable proximo and boards of directors who ignore this, do so at their own peril.5.0 Is it relevant and worthwhile for companies to report on CSR issues?It is important for a business to communicate properly its financial position and equally its plans and actions concerning the social responsibility so as to maintain the good relationship of existing stakeholders and attract potential investors. According to Roger Adams, ACCAs executive director, it is fit more and more pressing and urgent for companies to indulge in CSR if they want to enhance their corporate reputation, thus supporting the above statement. He also said that global investors increasingly regard good environmental management as an integral element of overall governance and accountability.Moreover in an analysis on Post-Eron Post-Andersen, Roger Adams proceeds to say that Pressure is mounting foe companies to widen the scope of corporate public accountability and many are responding by including social entropy in their reports, preferably through a well managed process of stakeholder dialogue. (Accounting Business, July/August 2002)Based on Roger Adams statements, it is clear that globally CSR has rooted its importance in the world of business and helps in corporate sustainability and success showing its relevance and worthiness.Lack of ethical standards and social responsibility has lead to corporate collapse in various parts of the world recently leaving scar on the global economy. Howard Davies put forward that event in the US for the past years instal that a breakdown in of ethical standards within a firm can carry high reputational and financial penalties. (Accounting Business, February 2003)Stakeholders are required to portray a good governance of an organisation, its transparency and proper accountability to access organizations worthiness.In Rachel Jacksons (ACCAs head of social and environmental issues) words the increased influence of non governmental organisations NGOs) and the demand by the stakeholders for greater transparency, organizational accountability and good governance were key drivers for CSR. Accounting Business, June 2004). Moreover she adds that some potential advantages that can be derived by business practicing transparency and accountability can be enhancement of business reputation, improvement of investor relations and access to capital, increase in militantness and market po sitioning. Other factors that herd companies to be socially responsible areEconomic rationality considerations,To comply with borrowing requirements,To benefit from lower resource use and operation cost,And to improve competitive advantage and global exposure.6.0 Empirical evidence of CSR.6.1 The usefulness and relevance of CSR disclosure.Empirical studies effected by Belkaoui (1980) and Milne (1999), and Hendricks (1976) proved that CSR disclosure is useful and relevant. However results obtained were in regard of both positive and negative impact on investment decision.Hai Yap Teah and Godwin Y Shiu also carried out an empirical study which revealed that social responsibility disclosure in company annual reports may be more helpful in decision making if the data is presented numerically that focus on product improvement and fair business practices. Hence, we can deduce that for CSR disclosure to be deemed relevant and useful, it should speak the language of figures.Formbrun and S hanky put forward some empirical evidence which suggest that the greater a companys contribution to social welfare is the better the goodwill becomes. Hereby they may benefit from premium prices, enhance their access to capital market and attract investors. Hence it supports the school of thought advanced earlier by other research work extending the impact of CSR on investment decision.According to Mc Gaire et al (1988) a firm that is perceived to be acting responsibly will face less labor unrest and will gain kudos in the eyes if its potential customers, increasing its sales base. Nevertheless, the other side of the coin refers to the fact that it s not necessary that CSR disclosure directly improves the profitability for mixed results obtained.6.2 CSR Framework as developed by ERNSTERNST (1978)Six areas have been found by Ernst and Ernst (1978), in which corporate social objectives may be set. They areEnvironmentFair business practicesHuman recoursesCommunity involvementEnergyProd ucts6.3 Code of Corporate GovernanceHowever in section 7 of The Code of Corporate Governance for Mauritius , that is , the Integrated Sustainability Reporting identifies four areas which should be subject to disclosure . They areEthicsEnvironmentHealth and recourseSocial issuesThese information are considered important by The Code as it is considered as informative and will help stakeholders build a culture of social and environmental responsibility.(Code of Corporate Governance section 7)6.3.1 EthicsEthics means being responsible , diligent and integer. A business disclosing ethical principles will make people trust in it as they will know that the company has a good code of conduct. It will be assumed that this company is aware and touch about its duties towards society and stakeholders.6.3.2 EnvironmentFirms should do their utmost best to reduce the negative effects of industrial production and adopt more effective and in force(p) methods to make least use of exhaustive recou rses. The company should disclose any project that they do which have for effect to help in preserving the environment.6.3.3 Health and SafetyHealth and Safety practices and policies should be developed and implemented in the business. Also, safety and health risk identification has to be undertaken. This will lead to betterment in risk management strategies.6.3.4 Social issuesSocial issues include community involvement, human recourse and fair business practices. The Code requires that businesses adopt fair policies in promotion and recruitment of employees.

Effective Leadership And Successful Leaders

Effective Leadership And Successful LeadersA lieu of lead as it pertains to equality in education for tout ensemble students disregardless of gender, wake, or socioeconomic status allow be reviewed during this 2010 Go Global experience in atomic number 16 Africa.In preparation for this trip, different articles and books were reviewed for insight on military opuskindage buy the farmforcet and attractionshiphip. Included in these readings were suggestions on how best to lead, as well as direction for handling toxic relationships.Toxic relationships can be delimit as those relationships that be shadowed with negativity and tend to be reactive and judgment based in nature.Creating a sense of team building and acceptation were found to be key roles for those in lead positions. Leaders should crap a sense of direction, non mis uptake their power, and should be adequate to inspire some others. A attracter should also be humble in attitude and encourage in all told t eam members to brain storm and contri thoe to the task. Whether leading personally or professionally, in a business or in a school, a leader should differentiate the dynamics of the group under their direction and be able to modify accordingly.While long leadership should be flexible, they mustiness retain their convictions and focus toward attaining the goal or vision. It has been done a conviction that great leaders stimulate inspired others to desire and bring forth alternate. These leaders have intelligently led by example, never condemning a nonhers beliefs, but instead inspiring in others the desire to change. It is through charisma and intuitiveness that leaders are able to begin movements that compose change.Movements for change are not limited to only political greats, they are also found in our own school systems. Assuming the role of the leader in a school must be care affluenty considered. It should be a role that one assumes with the understanding that they wi ll both directly and indirectly affect, either positively or negatively, legion(predicate) that will follow their lead. provide and students alike will be affected by the type of leadership roles they have in their school systems, so it must be remembered that school leadership is not limited to the parameters of the school, it affects generations that in turn will affect futures.Life is an echo what you send out infers back. Chinese ProverbThere have been m some(prenominal) great leaders throughout history, including Nelson Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and still Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Each person was matchking to amend a perceived injustice during a particular duration in our history. Through history we have seen leaders who would initiate ideas that others would continue, almost who would list contributions olive-sized, yet impactful, and others who would change the course of history. No matter the result, one thing was consistent, all great leaders thro ughout time possessed similar leadership qualities. training Response to Vaclav Havel, former president of the Czech RepublicBohemian Rhapsody www.opinionjournal.com/tower/feature.html?id=110010218Living Responsibly Vaclav Havels View www.acton.org/publciations/randl/rl_article_284.ph?/view=printVaclav Havel, former president of Czechoslovakia, has been compared to Nelson Mandela, being considered a saint in the West. Havel, a playwright who put his race on hold to lead a group against communist totalitarianism, a man who would be imprisoned, and a leader who would later become president, is a man of conviction. Speaking and answering to the global force for freedom and the long struggle between conscience and tyranny, Havel is the author of the essay on the Power of the Powerless which deals with the in diversion seen in our Western cultures.It would be suicide for the world -the indifference to the freedom of others ultimately becoming indifference to freedom for ourselves.Vacla v HavelThe idea that if we assume apathy for circumstances that do not directly affect us, we will ultimately become indifferent to our own freedoms has much significance. It sends a centre that we must work as a community in order to continue to move forward. Leaders play a decisive role in focusing their team. Their qualities must include the superpower to persuade a group to work together for a common goal, and dissuade, without insult, those ideas that serve only a selected group. As future leaders, we must recognize that our beliefs should not be subjective, nor are they limited. Our goals should always serve the good of all.The salvation of this adult male world lies nowhere else than in the human heart.Mr. Havel to the United States CongressOur office to recognize ourselves as part of a greater good is central to becoming a great leader. Our leadership should have focus, yet be humble. Our ability to see others through ourselves, and lead others as we would like to be le ad, creates such a salvation. Leadership must maintain a global view, with the leader part of the view and not the puppeteer of the view. I have read and reviewed leaders that possessed many of the characteristics of great leadership (Adolf Hitler and Charles Manson), but whose leadership qualities were outweighed by their self-centered separation of themselves from the human world. I see that leading with your heart can be subjective, but I do not believe that is what Havel meant. I feel as if he stated that compassion, respect and understanding for all members in spite of appearance a particular dynamic, business, pedantic or otherwise, will create a stronger vision. A vision shared by many is not limited, but grows exponentially.Setting an example is not the main means of influencing another, it is the only means. Albert EinsteinReading Response to Charles Manson as a charismatic transformational leaderLeadership Style No EasyChoicehttp//www.smartentrepreneur.net/charismatic-l eadership.htmlLeadership take enthusiastic involvement, by leaders who are not drop by personal agendas. Charles Manson, one such charismatic leader, chose to use his gift of leadership for less than honorable reasons. Manson would be defined as a transformational leader using passion and energy to transform an organization. He sensed what his followers perceived they needed and then created a vision to fill that gap. Charismatic leaders create visions that seem to improve ones present circumstance by finding the missing link between what one is getting and what one desires. This type of leader is persistent and even willing to make personal sacrifices to attain the vision which has been set. Unfortunately, a negative charismatic leader manipulates their audience for their own good even seeking out audiences that are emotionally wounded. singles ability to discern between the honorable and dishonorable leader is just as important as ones ability to lead and be part of a productiv e team.Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen Sir Winston ChurchillReading response to Viktor E. Frankl, psychiatrist and Nazi death camp survivorMans Search for Meaning, Beacon Press, 2006Forces beyond your see can take away everything you possess overlook one thing, your freedom to choose how you will respond to the situation. You cannot control what happens to you in life, but you can always control what you will feel and do slightly what happens to you. Viktor E. FranklThis book was chosen not necessarily because of Frankls leadership, but because of his responses to the effects of negative leadership during the persecution of Jews at Auschwitz. Frankl shares an honest view of the persecutions that occurred, while sending a message of ones ability to control their responses. He talks around not being one of the most muscled up men and that he was looked upon as one who would not make it (survive) long. Frankl had a choice, find himself condemned before his fight began, or choose to be positive and believe that this persecution would soon end. Leaders must understand, as Frankl had to understand, we have no control of others. It can not be forced upon another my vision for change and growth, it can only be exampled. Leadership is not a series of demands, but commands. It is a cooperative effort in which all parties feel valued and respected. While Adolf Hitler possessed many qualities of the great leadership, he did not possess value and respect for all of mankind. This self-serving type of leadership serves a limited time it can not be maintained or carried on because there is no collaboration and no shared vision.As a leader, one will really have little to no control of anything except ones own responses. We have the ability to choose our response and through modeling teach this strategy to those among us. If I choose humbleness, invite feedback, and remain positive, my leadership will influ ence others to do the same. This communication strategy invites all members to take part, or have ownership, in the goals at hand. With members feeling valued and sharing ownership, leaders are able to maximize the strengths of a team. It will be the choice of all members, including the leader, to do this even when there is friction within the group. It is easy to respond negatively to internal and/or external negativity, but that response leaves unmet goals and does not promote growth.Reading response to Nelson Mandela, seeker of a multi-racial democratic society and ex-president of South AfricaNelson MandelaLong Walk to Freedom The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, 1994Invictus, (2009)http//www.mandelainstitute.org.za/If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner. Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela, 1993 Nobel Peace Prize winner, exemplifies a man of true conviction. He articulated a vision and led by example. At a time when Mandela could have been full of anger and revenge, he chose a much different voice, a voice of dedication to an end of racism. In his speech to the court that convicted him, Mandela said Whatever sentence Your Worship sees fit to call in upon me for the crime for which I have been convicted before this court, may it rest assured that when my sentence has been completed I will still be moved, as men are always moved, by their consciences I will still be moved by my dislike of the race discrepancy against my people when I come out from serving my sentence, to take up again, as best I can, the struggle for the removal of those injustices until they are finally abolished once and for all. Mandela, a man of honor, sought-after(a) for the end of racial discrepancy in South Africa, and even through imprisonment maintained his desire to attain this goal. He did not seek race domination he desired a multi-racial democratic country. Mandela understood the importance of communication and role-modeling in order to attain the desired outcome of his vision and move himself to a non- knockdown-dragout resistance against the apartheid*, following the role model of Mahatma Gandhi.Apartheid a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against people who are not Whites the former official policy in South Africawordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwnAlthough Mandela voiced non-violent resistance, he soon saw a need to change the approach. He commented to this change from non-violent resistance at the Rivonia trial when he stated that after long and anxious assessment of the South African situation, I and some colleagues came to the conclusion that as violence in this country was inevitable, it would be wrong and unrealistic for African leaders to continue preaching peace and non-violence at a time when the government met our peaceful demands with force. It was only when all else had failed, when all channe ls of peaceful protest had been barred to us, that the decision was made to embark on violent forms of political struggle, and to form Umkhonto we Sizwethe Government had left us no other choice.The task of leadership is not to put enormousness into humanity, but to elicit it, for the greatness is already there. John BuchanLeaders must be able to maintain a vision when circumstances and the world around them seem to stand in the way. Mandela exhibited this quality unlike no other, no matter how provoked he never answered racism with racism and he stood solid in his dedication to democracy. He recognized the greatness in humanity and strived to help others find it as well. Mandela understood the need to make peace with the enemy. He knew that it was not the person who was the enemy, but the actions of the person that becomes the enemy. In other words, he recognized that the answer for change was in the people themselves.Being a leader is not about what you make others do. Its about who you are, what you know, and what you do. You are a reflection of the people who follow you. An effective leader is not a one-man show or do-it-all-yourself hero. Effective leadership is about recognizing and taking advantage of the skills and talents from different people to form a cohesive unit. All of the great leaders have had one characteristic in common it was the willingness to confront unequivocally the major anxiety of their people in their time. This, and not much else, is the essence of leadership.John Kenneth GalbraithMandela recognized that in order to create change that he too must confront his anxiety. He knew that he would have to forge a partnership with all of South Africa (black and white alike) he would have to stand for a united country and put in the past his memories of racial discrimination. Mandela would have to learn from his past, modeling himself as a man of acceptance of all men, both black and white.Like many other black South Africans, Mandelas disa pproval of government discrimination was shown in many ways. One such non-violent means to show disapproval was to cheer for any team opposing the white Springbok Rugby team. In the movie, Invictus, Mandela, then president, is questioned by the media about his new found support of the Springbok Rugby team. Without waiver, Mandela replies how can I expect others to change if I, myself, am unwilling to do the same. Realizing the need to mediate difference respectfully and setting an example to others of own willingness to change is crucial to dynamic leadership. If we create an environment that invites open and positive communication along with respect, the overall wellness of an organization or in this particular circumstance for Mandela, a country, will be positively impacted.Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Nelson MandelaMandela was driven not only by his belief in equality for all people politically he was also an advocate for other non- political issues affecting his country as well. Mandela would address, problem-solve, and advocate for the AIDS epidemic, poverty, and education. Mandela was also instrumental in having South Africa house the 2010 Soccer World Cup.http//www.mandelainstitute.org.za/about/mandate_and_vision/University of the Western chimneypiece meeting with staff and students (oral interviews)Mandela, an educated man himself, saw education as a tool in the fight against the apartheid. When South Africa won its fight and Mandela became President, he remained focused on the benefits of quality education for all children in South Africa. He would continue to strive for quality education even after his presidency. In 2007, the Nelson Mandela Institute (a partnership between the Nelson Mandela Foundation, the Department of Education, and the University of Fort Hair) would be founded to continue his work in education.There can be no contentment for any of us when there are children, millions of children, who do not receive an education that provides them with dignity and honor and allows them to live their lives to the full. Nelson Mandela, 2006A man among men, Mandela believes that in order to create a sustainable future South Africa must invest in the education of the countrys youth. The statistics for children of poverty who matriculate is devastatingly low. The education system had not been meeting the needs of the majority of children in the nation (the poor black child). Matriculation (graduation) of the rural working-class has been as low as 1% with a child needing to produce well on this exit exam in order to enroll in a university. Of those who do manage to matriculate, they still struggle to read and compile at a level of success for the university because of inadequate academic preparation. To change these statistics and recreate an educational system that can provide education success for all children, resources in addition to a focused and strong leadership are a must . Mandela advocates change in education, and brings others together to share the same vision. The Nelson Mandela Institute mandates to work globally to achieve Mr. Mandelas visions for education and rural development and is inspired by a common future shaped by the minds and creativity of all children.It is not beyond our power to create a world in which all children have access to quality education. Those who do not believe this have small imaginations. Nelson Mandela, 07http//www.ncrel.org/policy/pubs/html/leadersh/goodschl.htmhttp//www.newhorizons.org/trans/gardner.htmWhether the leader of a country like Nelson Mandela or the leader of a school system, one must be able to choke the vision of the organization. School systems, like countries, need dynamic leadership by individuals that realize the potential of the young people following their guide. School leaders have a responsibility to their public they should both influence and inspire the students and the staff. They should a ct less like a boss making commands and more like an creative person creating unbounded imaginations. They must be able to develop a clear sense of purpose as it is important for people to see where they are going. In addition to direction, effective school leaders should elicit from their staff and students both trust and respect. It is important to remember that both trust and respect are make by the leader through their actions and are not a guarantee.The task of the leader is to get his people from where they are to where they have not been. Henry Kissingerhttp//www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/mid-nineties/plessy/plessy.htmlhttp//brownvboard.org/summary/American schools, not unlike the South African schools, have seen many struggles. It has been because of dynamic people (principals, teachers, and students) that our systems have evolved to where they are. Like South Africa, racial discrimination is not a stranger to the American school systems. It was the voice and dedication of a few that allowed our school systems to change and grow.A little over lx years ago the states overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. Plessy v. Ferguson was an 1896 Supreme Court ruling most remembered as the separate but equal ruling. It was a decision that served as apology for racial discrimination until Oliver Brown and others brought complaint against the school systems. In Topeka, Kansas Linda Brown, an African-American student, lived right across from a school, but because of the color of her skin could not fall this white school. Under the counsel of Thurgood Marshall this discriminatory practices were being challenged. The ruling in Brown v. jury of Education not only affected the educational system, it ended legal racial discrimination. Discriminatory practices can damage the good of the whole, but strong leadership can build bridges and fill gaps. costly schools, like good societies and good families, celebrate and cherish diversity. Deborah MeierSchool leaders create exponent ial change simply by caring for people and talent them a chance to succeed. When inspiring the minds of children in a school setting it can be thought that success is never final. Our behavior and our beliefs are carried on through the minds and actions of many. That is a great responsibility knowing that as an academic leader we can affect so greatly, so many. This undertaking has to be through with openness of ones mind and willingness to celebrate others successes and not our own.Imagine yourself as the principal of one of those white schools when the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education. Imagine the strength and character needed to moderate such a change. During world change, it takes great character to evaluate how your personal ideals fit into the role that you must serve. Leading is not limited to times of progression when everyone is inviting openly whatever circumstances may be needed for the change. The test of a great leader comes during times like that 1954 ruling when faced with legal obligation and social conflict. An academic leader must be able to separate oneself from who they are right now and look into the future to where they have dedicated themselves to lead others. A leader must be willing to deal with conflict head on, not with aggression, but with insight and intuitiveness. All leaders, especially academic leaders, must always err on the side of action. They must not just clean up a mistake, they must problem solve and eliminate it. It is especially important that a school leader view problems as an opportunity for growth. Not all visions will be met without conflict, and if we perceive as an opportunity to grow, then we maximize the effects of our leadership.The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. William ArthurSchool leadership is not limited to only those in administration, teachers play a huge role in influencing and changing lives. A teache rs full charge is to enable students to become independent citizens of society. It is more than math or english, it is one of the most influential roles in our communities. Teachers not only provide academic knowledge, in combination with administration and the community, they provide clean, safe and healthy environments for the students to learn. All school leaders, administration and teachers, must possess and be proficient in instructional leadership, management, community building, and communication.http//cecp.air.org/download/MCMonographFINAL.pdfHe writes, A leader is an individual (or, rarely, a set of individuals) who significantly affects the thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors of a significant number of individuals. Most acknowledge leaders are direct. They address their public face-to-face. But I have called attention to an unrecognized phenomenon indirect leadership. In this variety of leading, individuals exert impact through the works that they create.Whether direct o r indirect, leaders fashion stories principally stories of identity. It is important that a leader be a good storyteller, but equally crucial that the leader embody that story in his or her life. When a leader tells stories to experts, the stories can be quite sophisticated but when the leader is dealing with a diverse, heterogeneous group, the story must be sufficiently elemental to be understood by the untutored, or unschooled, mind.Daily Journal of Observations of team members, and leadership roles within these dynamics.Sunday, 11, JulyMeeting at the airport getting ready to depart for a two week trip away from family and not knowing anyone you are locomotion with can heighten anxiety in even the best of travelers. GoGlobal trips allow many observations of group members, but it also allows one to observe the practices and strategies of the school sponsors in their real-life leadership role.As I am waiting at the airport, as I always do, I spend a great deal of time looking at not what is being said, but at all the non-verbal communication that is also being seen. Understanding a little of those I will be traveling with is very important. My opinion through my various experiences and readings is that there is a high correlation between a leaders intuitiveness and their effectiveness. While not asked, I would assume that there would be a degree of this used when interviewing the prospects of such trips.

Essays --

Early life and military careereditBorn in Tampa, Florida, Kittinger was educated at the Bolles School in Jacksonville, Florida, and the University of Florida. After hie speedboats as a teenager, he entered the U.S. Air embrace in March 1949. On completion of aviation cadet training in March 1950, he received a USAF Pilot rating and a commission as a Second Lieutenant. He was subsequently assigned to the 86th Fighter-Bomber Wing establish at Ramstein Air Base in West Germany, flying the F-84 Thunderjet and F-86 Sabre.In 1954 Kittinger was transferred to Holloman AFB, New Mexico, and the Air Force Missile Development Center (AFMDC). He flew the rumination/chase plane that monitored flight surgeon Colonel John Stapps rocket sled run of 632 mph (1,017 km/h) in 1955. Kittinger was impressed by Stapps dedication and flowership as a pioneer in aerospace medicine. Stapp, in turn, was impressed with Kittingers skillful jet piloting, later recommending him for space-related aviation resea rch work. Stapp was to foster the high- elevation balloon tests that would later lead to Kittingers record- placedting leap from over 102,800 feet (31,300 m). In 1957, as part of Project Manhigh, Kittinger set an interim balloon altitude record of 96,760 feet (29,490 m) in Manhigh I, for which he was awarded his first high-minded Flying Cross.Project ExcelsioreditKittinger next to the Excelsior gondolaMain article Project ExcelsiorCaptain Kittinger was next assigned to the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio. For Project Excelsior (meaning ever upward), a name given to the project by Colonel Stapp as part of research into high altitude bailouts,23 he made a series of three extreme altitude parac... ...4-mph wind blowing on you. I could only hear myself breathing in the helmet.12Kittinger set historical numbers for highest balloon ascent, highest parachute jump, longest drogue-fall (four minutes), and fastest speed by a human being throug h the atmosphere.13 These were the USAF records, but were non submitted for aerospace world records to the Fdration Aronautique Internationale (FAI).14 Kittingers records for the highest ascent, highest parachute jump, and fastest velocity stood for 52 years, until they were broken in 2012 by Felix Baumgartner.For this series of jumps, Kittinger was decorated with a second Distinguished Flying Cross, and he was awarded the Harmon Trophy by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.15The Stargazer gondola on display at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio.Project Stargazeredit

Women and the Holocaust Essay -- essays research papers

Women and the HolocaustThe Jewish female is like the ovule of a flower, it spreads its seeds to manufacture future(a) generations. It is known that the true root of a Jewish person lies in the hands of his/her mother. As it was once said by Golda Meir, To be successful, a cleaning woman has to be much better at her job than a man.? (Golda Meir Quotes par. 1). And in fact it is true, that women had to be better than man to survive the holocaust, but not merely to survive the holocaust but to live on to tell the stories, and to spread Judaism. Although every Jewish person was equally a victim in the genocide of the holocaust, the Jewish women were one of the main targets. This is because the Jewish women were connected to the race struggle? of Nazism, for the women carried the next generation of Jews. The Jewish women of Europe were taken from their homes by the Nazis and killed, and the ones who get away finish up carrying on Judaism. If it was not for these surviving women, th ere would be no Jewish population today. Jewish women were known to place the life of their families frontward of their own. They would grant and work until death to save their childrens life. They were women of valor, full of courage and strength. In the lineup when the S.S. called LEFTRIGHT? Those two words determined the pole of their life. The ones who lived were hag-ridden and the ones who died were sent off to peace. Rape was a common a... Women and the Holocaust Essay -- essays research papersWomen and the HolocaustThe Jewish female is like the ovule of a flower, it spreads its seeds to create future generations. It is known that the true root of a Jewish person lies in the hands of his/her mother. As it was once said by Golda Meir, To be successful, a woman has to be much better at her job than a man.? (Golda Meir Quotes par. 1). And in fact it is true, that women had to be better than man to survive the holocaust, but not only to survive the holocaust bu t to live on to tell the stories, and to spread Judaism. Although every Jewish person was equally a victim in the genocide of the holocaust, the Jewish women were one of the main targets. This is because the Jewish women were connected to the race struggle? of Nazism, for the women carried the next generation of Jews. The Jewish women of Europe were taken from their homes by the Nazis and killed, and the ones who escaped ended up carrying on Judaism. If it was not for these surviving women, there would be no Jewish population today. Jewish women were known to place the life of their families ahead of their own. They would sacrifice and work until death to save their childrens life. They were women of valor, full of courage and strength. In the lineup when the S.S. called LEFTRIGHT? Those two words determined the end of their life. The ones who lived were tortured and the ones who died were sent off to peace. Rape was a common a...